<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial dispute with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber; signed, but not ratified—Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
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<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea